Dr.Tina Strobos, a Dutch woman who rescued more than 100 Jews during the Holocaust, passed away, on February 27 at the age of 91, at her home in Rye, N.Y.  Dr. Strobos, who died of cancer, was honored as “righteous among the nations” by the Yad Vashem Holocaust memorial museum in Jerusalem in 1989. The Talmudic saying, “Whoever saves a single soul, it is as if he had saved the entire world,” may best articulate the heroic life of Dr. Strobos and the memory she will leave behind.

Yad Vashem documented that about 80 percent of the 140,000 Jewish residents of Holland were murdered at the hands of the Nazis. Anne Frank, the teenage girl whose diary came to symbolize the story of countless Jews who were forced into hiding in an attempt to escape the Nazis, hid with her family in an Amsterdam attic just blocks away from Dr. Strobos’s home. Dr. Strobos stated, “If I knew they were there, I would have gotten them out of the country.”

Dr. Strobos and her mother turned their three-story home, which was behind the Royal Palace of Amsterdam into a Jewish shelter and provided their guests with food and medical care as well as false passports. In the beginning, she worked primarily on arming and equipping the resistance fighters. She ran guns, explosives and radios, sometimes hiding them in her bicycle basket during journeys of 50 miles. But as armed resistance became increasingly dangerous, she turned her efforts to helping her Jewish friends and later others seeking a way out of the country.

Israel Antiquities Authority have discovered ancient evidence of people applying make up to their face came from Egypt where kohl sticks, cosmetic materials and written descriptions were preserved. The archaeological finds reflect something about the user or the owner of the object itself.

The custom has its beginnings in magic and cultic practices in which the ancients used to apply creams and makeup to the faces of the statues of their gods in order to “bestow life on them”. Over time the custom found expression in the lives of individuals, women and men alike, for both aesthetic and therapeutic reasons.

In Egypt and Babylonia they used to rub a dark red color on the face, which was derived from red ocher mixed with vegetable oil or animal fat. As opposed to them, the Sumerians used yellow ocher. The cosmetic preparations included powders, creams, perfumes and scented oils. Due to their high price they were marketed in small quantities in little vessels with different shapes.

The vessels were manufactured from a variety of materials such as: alabaster, stone, ceramic, glass and bone. There are also faience containers that come from Egypt.

The creams were meant to soften and protect the face and keep the skin fresh. They were made of vegetable oils to which beeswax or fragrant resin was sometimes added.

Eye makeup, besides fulfilling a religious/magical role, was also intended for medical purposes. The makeup kept small flies away that caused eye infections, protected the eyelids from drying out and from the desert sun. The eye shadow was mainly produced from crushed minerals mixed with water; sometimes resin was added to it and the preparation was kept in shells.

Over time the ancients began producing special small cosmetic containers that are made of various materials. Together with the vessel there was a small applicator (kohl stick) made of ivory, bone, bronze or glass. The kohl stick was thick at one end for spreading around the eyes, and spoon-like or spatulate at the other end for mixing the makeup and removing it from the vessel.

The kohl stick would be immersed in water or scented oil and then into the powder and in that way they would apply the eye shadow to the eyes.

Along with the “make-up kit” (the container and the kohl stick), stone palettes were found that occur in a variety of geometric forms, some of which are decorated with floral or animal patterns. These palettes were probably used for grinding and crushing the cosmetic’s ingredients into powder.

Very little is known about wearing makeup as practiced during the First Temple period. In the Bible the use of makeup is mentioned disparagingly. Jeremiah, wanting to compare Jerusalem to a prostitute wishing to make herself pretty, talks about eye makeup and uses the expression “…you enlarge your eyes with paint” (Jeremiah 4:30).

However, based on the artifacts that have been uncovered from archaeological excavations, there is no doubt that makeup was commonly used during this period.

Included among the cosmetic implements that were used to apply makeup to the eyes and face are small stone bowls that were common in this period in the Levant. These bowls have a depression in their center, are polished and decorated with incised geometric patterns.

Face care was highly developed in Greece and Rome. Women would apply creams and bright colors to their faces. They would apply red (a floral/algae essence) to their lips and cheeks and black (derived from antimony or soot) to their eyes and eyebrows.

Most of the vessels in Greece were made of clay and were adorned with drawings that depict the use of cosmetics. Ceramic boxes with lids, known as pyxides, were also found in which there were rouge and various cosmetic materials, and there were flat and round containers that were made of bronze or marble.

Through the objects that are uncovered in excavations – cosmetic containers, small bowls and various minerals, a woman from the Second Temple period would wear makeup. The custom of face care was widely practiced in Israel during the Second Temple period. The makeup holder that was characteristic of the period is a long narrow kohl tube. Vessels were found that are composed of two to four such tubes. In most instances the kohl stick itself is made of bronze; some are also decorated with incising. In addition, the ancients used cylindrical containers with ceramic, bone and glass lids.

The cosmetic industry makes millions annually, as King Solomon once said, “What has been is what will be, and what has been done is what will be done; and there is nothing new under the sun” (Ecclesiastes 1:9).

Evelyn Lauder, senior corporate vice president at the cosmetics empire founded by her mother-in-law, Estee Lauder, knew the power of color. And pink was hers. Evelyn Lauder who created the pink ribbon that came to symbolize the worldwide fight against breast cancer has died at the age of 75.

At first, she and her husband Leonard largely financed the symbol that she created in 1992 with former Self Magazine editor-in-chief Alexandra Penney. Little pink bows handed to women at department store makeup counters — to remind them to get their annual breast exams — led to a multimillion dollar campaign funded by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, including some $50 million from the Lauders. The money that was raised helped found the Evelyn H. Lauder Breast Cancer Center at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York in 2009.

Lauder was born Evelyn Hausner in 1936 in Vienna, Austria. Her Jewish parents took their baby and fled the flames of Nazi-occupied Europe, settling in the safety of the United States. The young immigrant attended public school in New York City and then began to attend CUNY’s Hunter College, when she met her husband, Estee Lauder’s elder son. They married in 1959.

Evelyn Lauder had a passion for photography, for food and for writing, and is the author of the book, “In Great Taste: Fresh, Simple Recipes for Eating and Living Well.” She died on Saturday at her New York City home, from complications of non-genetic ovarian cancer, diagnosed in 2007. Lauder is survived by her husband Leonard, who is now chairman emeritus of Estee Lauder. Her son William is executive chairman of the firm, and second son Gary is managing director of Lauder Partners LLC, a technology investment firm.